Seed Oils in Dog Food: What Are the Risks?

If you’ve followed any human nutritionist on Instagram in the last year, you will have seen the huge uproar regarding seed oils. 

Typically dog nutrition follows on from discoveries in human nutrition, and now the inclusion of seed oils in dog food has also become a controversial topic among dog owners and vets. 

Understanding Seed Oils

Seed oils are extracted from various plant seeds and are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids are essential for maintaining healthy skin, coat, and overall well-being in dogs. However, the type and balance of these fatty acids are crucial. Omega-6 fatty acids, found abundantly in seed oils, are necessary in small amounts but can cause health issues when consumed in excess.

The Omega Imbalance

One of the primary concerns with seed oils in dog food is the imbalance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Ideally, dogs should consume these fatty acids in a balanced ratio. However, many commercial pet foods contain significantly higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids due to the use of seed oils.  This is problematic for a number of reasons.   

Inflammatory Responses

Excessive omega-6 fatty acids can promote inflammation in dogs. Chronic inflammation can contribute to a range of health issues, including joint pain, allergies, and digestive problems. Dogs with pre-existing conditions may experience exacerbated symptoms when their diet is rich in omega-6 fatty acids from seed oils. Inflammation can also weaken the immune system, making pets more susceptible to infections and diseases.

They’re Highly Processed

Seed oils like canola oil/ rapeseed oil go through a refining process, including bleaching and deodorising.  This process is thought to help improve the taste and colour of the oil and extend their shelf life. Unfortunately, the refining process strips oils like canola oil of any beneficial compounds like vitamin E or phenols.  

Oxidative Stress and Free Radicals

Seed oils are prone to oxidation, especially when exposed to heat, light, and air during processing and storage. Oxidised oils can produce free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and tissues. This oxidative stress is harmful to dogs, potentially leading to cellular damage, ageing, and chronic diseases. Higher-quality pet food manufacturers often add antioxidants (like tocopherol) to mitigate this risk, but the effectiveness can vary.

Weight Gain and Obesity

Another risk associated with seed oils in dog food is the potential for weight gain and obesity. Seed oils are calorie-dense, and when dogs consume them in large quantities, they may exceed their daily caloric needs. Obesity in pets is a growing concern, leading to a myriad of health problems, including joint issues.

Allergic Reactions

Some pets may develop allergies or sensitivities to specific seed oils. Symptoms of allergic reactions include itching, redness, digestive upset, and respiratory issues. Identifying the allergen can be challenging, but eliminating seed oils from the diet can help alleviate symptoms.

Are all Seed Oils Bad?

Seed oil is an umbrella term, and not all are bad.  The most problematic for health include:

• Soybean oil
• Canola (rapeseed) oil
• Corn oil
• Cottonseed oil
• Safflower oil
• Sunflower oil.

On the other hand, cold pressed hemp seed oil is a seed oil, but it actually possesses the perfect omega balance and so can be a beneficial addition to your dog’s diet. 

In summary, while seed oils are a common ingredient in many commercial dog foods, their potential risks cannot be overlooked. The imbalance of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, promotion of inflammatory responses, highly processed nature, oxidative stress, weight gain, and potential for allergic reactions are significant concerns for dog owners. However, not all seed oils are created equal, and some, like hemp seed oil, can provide health benefits when included in your dog's diet. As a dog owner, it's crucial to carefully evaluate the ingredients in your dog's food and opt for high-quality products that prioritise a balanced omega ratio and minimise the use of highly processed seed oils.

- Cam, The Dog Nutritionist